Heart failure Wikipedia. Heart failure. Synonyms. Chronic heart failure CHF, congestive cardiac failure CCF1The major signs and symptoms of heart failure. Specialty. Cardiology. Symptoms. Shortness of breath, feeling tired, leg swelling2Duration. Often lifelong. Causes. Heart attack, high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythm, excessive alcohol use, infection, heart damage23Risk factors. Smoking, sedentary lifestyle. Diagnostic method. Echocardiogram4Similar conditions. Kidney failure, thyroid disease, liver disease, anemia, obesity5Medication. Diuretics, cardiac drugs46Frequency. Deaths. 35 risk of death in first year2Heart failure HF, often referred to as congestive heart failure CHF, occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the bodys needs. 91. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. 2 The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. 2 A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature. 1. Chest pain, including angina, does not typically occur due to heart failure. 1. Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction heart attack, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. 23 These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. 2 There are two main types of heart failure heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure with normal ejection fraction depending on whether the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the hearts ability to relax. 2 The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. 5 Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction in which part of the heart muscle dies or cardiac arrest in which blood flow stops altogether. 1. Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia, and thyroid disease. 5The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. 4Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. 4 Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. 4 In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking,6physical exercise,1. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. 4 For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine with a nitrate may be used. 4Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. 6 Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. 4 In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy CRT may be suggested1.
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